Ho Hsuhua

IV therapy is the infusion of liquid substances directly into a vein. Therapies administered intravenously are often called specialty pharmaceuticals. …

Renal function is an indication of the state of the kidney and its role in renal physiology. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) describes the flow rate …

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which in order of size, largest to smallest, are chylomicrons, VLDL, ID …

The osmotic effect of solute concentration plays a key role in homeostasis. Solute concentration determines to large degree the intracellular and extr …

The Alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a gradient), is used to compare the causes of hypoxemia. A-a Gradient EquationA - a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2 Where: PA …