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Australia is an island nation comprising of the mainland, the island of Tasmania and multiple small islands. With vastly multicultural and cosmopolitan cities and either caucasian or indigenous-dominated regional centres, Australia represents an interesting contrast and mix of cultures.Before European settlement in the late 1700s, Australia was inhabited by Aborigines, the name given to our indigenous population. Aborigines represent an important part of our history and there are many areas both in metropolitan and regional centres which celebrate and commemorate their rich history (most notably, Uluru – aka Ayers Rock – which is sacred to the people).Six colonies federated on the 1st January 1901, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Since this Federation, Australia has enjoyed a democratic political system which has remained in place til the present. The Queen of England is the head of state of Australia, but the government is lead by a Prime Minister and the associated party.The population of Australia is approximately 22.9 million, the large proportion of this concentrated in the Eastern states of New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.Australia has the 12th largest economy in the world and per capita has the 5th highest income. Highly developed in terms of technology, Australia is also considered highly for quality of life, education, health, economic freedom, political rights and the protection of civil liberties.Enjoy your trip backpacking in or around Australia: we love living here and know that you will find your time here an enriching, unique and thoroughly fun experience.