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The term 'vulnerability' is often mentioned in connection with computer security, in many different contexts.

In its broadest sense, the term 'vulnerability' is associated with some violation of a security policy. This may be due to weak security rules, or it may be that there is a problem within the software itself. In theory, all computer systems have vulnerabilities; whether or not they are serious depends on whether or not they are used to cause damage to the system.

Vulnerability

An information security "vulnerability" is a mistake in software that can be directly used by a hacker to gain access to a system or network.

CVE considers a mistake a vulnerability if it allows an attacker to use it to violate a reasonable security policy for that system (this excludes entirely "open" security policies in which all users are trusted, or where there is no consideration of risk to the system).

For CVE, a vulnerability is a state in a computing system (or set of systems) that either:

allows an attacker to execute commands as another user

allows an attacker to access data that is contrary to the specified access restrictions for that data

allows an attacker to pose as another entity

allows an attacker to conduct a denial of service

Examples of vulnerabilities include:

phf (remote command execution as user "nobody")