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Explaining Binaural Beat Frequencies:

EEG and the brain's state

EEG (Electroencephalography) technology is used to measure brain's electrical vibrations

from the surface of the scalp. The resulting EEG pattern will contain frequency elements

mainly below 30Hz. The frequencies are categorized into four states as follows:

State

Frequency range

State of mind

Delta

0.5Hz - 4Hz

Deep sleep

Theta

4Hz - 8Hz

Drowsiness (also first stage of sleep)

Alpha

8Hz - 14Hz

Relaxed but alert

Beta

14Hz - 30Hz

Highly alert and focused

The dominant frequency in the EEG pattern determines what shall be called the current

state of the brain. If the amplitude of the alpha range frequencies is highest, then the

brain is said to be in the alpha stage. Note, that other frequencies still exist and it

is impossible to give any "exact frequency your brain is operating on". However, later

references to the brain states use the simplification of assuming that such a single

frequency exists.

Entraining the brain to a desired state

If external stimulus is applied to the brain, it becomes possible to entrain the brain

frequency from one stage to another. For example, if a person is in beta stage (highly

alert) and a stimulus of 10Hz is applied to his/her brain for some time, the brain

frequency is likely to change towards the applied stimulus. The effect will be relaxing

to the person. This phenomenon is also called frequency following response.

When the brain's state is close to the applied stimulus, entrainment works more

efficiently. Thus, when doing a sweep from one frequency to another, the starting

frequency should be as close to your current brain state as possible. The sweep speed

should be such that your brain's state changes steadily with it, so that the difference

never gets very large. In practice, it is difficult to determine your brain state

without extra equipment (like EEG devices). However, you can quite safely assume that

during the day your brain is in the beta stage (about 20Hz) and you can start the sweep

from there. If you are already somewhat relaxed, you can use a start frequency of 15Hz

or a few Hz lower.

Stimulating the brain with binaural beat frequencies

The easiest way of applying stimulus to the brain is via ears. Other senses could be

used as well, and vision is actually used quite often (often in addition to hearing).

However, humans cannot hear sounds low enough to be useful for brain stimulation, so

special techniques must be used. One such special technique used is called binaural

beats.

If the left ear is presented with a steady tone of 500Hz and the right ear a steady tone

of 510Hz, these two tones combine in the brain. The difference, 10Hz, is perceived by

the brain and is a very effective stimulus for brainwave entrainment. This 10Hz is

formed entirely by the brain. When using stereo headphones, the left and right sounds do

not mix together until in your brain. The frequency difference, when perceived by brain

this way, is called a binaural beat.

The effect of the audible frequencies used

To get a stimulus of 10Hz, you may use tones of 500Hz and 510Hz, or 400Hz and 410Hz, or

800Hz and 810Hz, or so on. The only requirements are that the tone is heard well enough

and that it is below about 1000Hz. Below 1000Hz, the wavelength of the skull is

sufficiently small so that the sound waves curve around it.

Reducing sleep needs

Some people have found that half an hour a day of the Theta stage can replace up to 4

hours of sleep.

Treatment of certain mental diseases

Brainwave entrainment is used in treatment of depression, low self-esteem, attention

deficit disorder, drug and alcohol addiction and autism, to name a few.

Brainwave entrainment has also been found helpful in alleviating headaches and

migraines.

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