The Alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a gradient), is used to compare the causes of hypoxemia. A-a Gradient EquationA - a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2 Where: PA …
In adults, the best equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine is the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)-tr …
The osmotic effect of solute concentration plays a key role in homeostasis. Solute concentration determines to large degree the intracellular and extr …
Hyponatremia refers to a lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood. Sodium is essential for many body functions including the maintenance of flui …